oxidized glutathione coordination to metals Toxicity of Glutathione-Binding Metals: A Review of Targets and Mechanisms Tumor-targeted glutathione oxidation catalysis with

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Okunishi K, Dohi M, Nakagome K, Tanaka R, Mizuno S, Matsumoto K, et al

Catalysis Mediated via Nucleophile Threonine Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enzyme catalyzes a two-step reaction, involving cleavage of -glutamyl bond present in -glutamyl compounds like glutathione and glutamine subsequently, followed by transfer of -glutamyl moiety to a water molecule or another amino acid or short peptide (Tate and Meister, 1981)

Without adequate GSH, the body's antioxidant network functions at reduced capacity

doi: 10.1073/pnas.0400695101 310 StorkM.BosM

147,148 The detrimental effects of hypoxia are exacerbated by hypertension also inducing kidney tissue to generate elevated levels of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and hydroxyl radicals