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3.4.3 Energy status and oxidative stress balance In OA lesions, synovial inflammation and cartilage degeneration reduce local nutrient availability and oxygen levels, compelling cells to adapt their energy-generating modes (104)

Mycotoxins enter the body through inhalation, dermal absorption, and ingestion

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The small intestine then receives the transported anthocyanins, where about 10.7% of glycosylated anthocyanins are absorbed

pylori is a gram-negative microaerobic spiral-shaped bacterium that mainly colonizes in the human stomach and is a major etiological factor in many gastric diseases, such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer 1,2,3,4,5

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