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The changes in the last decade are consistent with this finding

The quitting effect that it brings is much faster

Natural American Spirits pro-environment packaging and perceptions of reduced-harm cigarettes

Smoking significantly increases the risk of heart disease, stroke , and cancers in multiple organs

Additionally, the emergence of some local disposable businesses with roots in Brazil, Colombia, and Paraguay suggests that Latin America may decide to move towards building a local disposable e-cigarette market in the next years , increasing competition with pricey, imported goods

From 2021 to 2022, no major cigarette tax changes occurred, and, subsequently, we observed no significant smuggling rate changes in 2022