l carnitine in skin care products Underrated Benefits Of L-Carnitine Nivea Skin Firming & Toning

Shazeeb, M

Presented at the 141st American Public Health Association Annual Meeting, Boston, USA

TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide) is produced by gut bacteria from choline, lecithin, and L-carnitine-rich foods (mainly fish, meat, egg, and dairy)

Vegans obtain less carnitine from their diets, and for many people, its not a problem because their bodies naturally produce enough

Acetyl-CoA is then converted into citrate by the mitochondrial citric acid cycle, which is subsequently transported to cytosol and converted into fatty acid by the actions of lipogenic enzymes such as ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) (41, 465)

Given the low proportion of culturable human fecal commensals identified in the subculture experiments that were capable of promoting the second microbial transformation reaction (BBTMA), we speculate that the vegans/vegetarians unable to produce TMA and thus TMAO from l-carnitine simply lack microbial community members, like E