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Glossary Agrp Agouti-related protein AKT Protein kinase B (AKT) AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase ARC Arcuate nucleus BAT Brown adipose tissue BMI Body mass index cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate C/EBP CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta DA Dopamine DLN Dorsolateral nucleus DMN Dorsomedial nucleus D2R Dopamine D2 receptor E2 17-estradiol EGF Epidermal growth factor FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone GAS -Interferon activation sequence GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1 RAs Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists GnRH Gonadotropin-releasing hormone HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol HPG Hypothalamicpituitarygonadal (axis) HPRL Hyperprolactinemia ICV Intraventricular (intracerebroventricular) IL-1 Interleukin-1 beta IL-6 Interleukin-6 JAK2 Janus kinase 2 kDa Kilodalton LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LH Luteinizing hormone MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase MASLD Metabolic dysfunctionassociated fatty liver disease PY Neuropeptide Y PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PPAR Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PRL Prolactin PRLR Prolactin receptor Ras Rat sarcoma (Ras) signaling family SCN Suprachiasmatic nucleus STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription TIDA Tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic TNF- Tumor necrosis factor alpha TRH Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

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10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2025.120484 20 Karbakhsh RavariF.Ghasemi GorjiM.RafieiA