l carnitine ou creatine & Acetyl-L-Carnitine Energy Plus, 0.51 lb GroundZero L Life Extension Creatine Acetyl-L-Carnitine Energy

Betaine is used clinically to lower plasma Hcy levels in homocystinuria (Truitt et al., 2021)

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Wang W., Bai M., Jiang T., Li C., Li P., Zhou H., Wang Z., Li L., Jiang H

Drug interactions Pivalic acid combines with L-carnitine and is excreted in the urine as pivaloylcarnitine, thereby increasing L-carnitine losses (see also Secondary carnitine deficiency)

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092573 4.Doyon S

Since the effect size of the nootropic was medium ( r range 0.4-0.6), these results suggest that this dietary multi-ingredient nootropic could be used as a cognitive enhancer in situations where an increase in cognitive performance is needed (i.e., students, university staff, eSports gamers, etc.)

Kamashi K, Baggot JD, Sharma R