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This clean pharmacology makes it a standard pharmacological tool in oncology, neuroprotection, and cell cycle research where precise IGF1R activation is required

AMPARs and NMDARs have distinct affinities for glutamate, with AMPARs binding glutamate at low affinity and NMDARs binding with higher affinity 1,21

10.3390/ijms21020503 239

Dubey RK

Disruption of redox balance in glutaminolytic triple negative breast cancer by inhibition of glutamate export and glutaminase

[11] [12] Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased appetite, which are generally mild to moderate in severity and tend to diminish over time