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Care 16, 102108

Patients should also be aware of potential side effects, which may include local irritation or allergic reactions, although these are generally rare

It was showed that NP4 treatment leaded to an increase in pro-inflammatory M1-type macrophages and a decrease in anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages in mouse tumor tissues, with the proportion of M1 to M2 macrophages being 4.4 times higher compared to untreated mouse tumor tissues (Fig

Another study from 2022 found it to downregulate UV-B induced inflammation

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These trained-like features persist over time and remain detectable even in vitro (112)