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doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy062 182 ZhangJLuoWHuangPPengLHuangQ

4 Regulation of cell death pathways by HIF-1 in osteomyelitis 4.1 HIF-1 and apoptosis: protective or detrimental

PMID: 29379312

Figure 1 The biological effects of testosterone are mediated both by direct binding and activation of the androgen receptor, as well as indirectly through its metabolic conversion to biologically active derivatives, including 5-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) via 5-reductase and oestradiol via aromatization, which subsequently act through androgen and oestrogen receptors (ER/ER), respectively

The second mechanism includes the development of hyperplasia (an increase in the number of muscle fibers)

226 ONOO reacts with thiols, metals, and CO, generating oxidants such as NO 2 and CO 3