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10.1371/journal.pone.0097479 PLoS One

Lecithins in processed food have been estimated to increase the daily consumption of phosphatidylcholine by about 1.5 mg/kg of body weight for adults (32)

Diet can be a copious source of L-carnitine, especially if rich in red meats, fish and dairy products

Front Immunol

For individuals following vegetarian or vegan diets, carnitine is present in much lower quantities in fruits, vegetables, and grains, which may make supplementation necessary

A transport protein called CACT (carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase) facilitates the transport of acylcarnitine across the inner mitochondrial membrane